Reliable Data Collection Techniques in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Reliable data collection techniques, whose aim is to ensure that sensed are received successfully by a sink, essential for applications in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). However, traditional with Radio Frequency (RF) functions poorly UWSNs due peculiar features of underwater. Moreover, acoustic communication creates challenges the reliability such as high bit error rate, packet collision and voids routing. Furthermore, deployment Autonomous Vehicles (AUVs) some scenarios changed paradigm introduced new issues affect inaccurate navigation lengthy travel time. Consequently, numerous studies focus on relative various currently available UWSNs. In this paper, we first review problems specific their impact reliable collection. It followed discussion about characteristics, challenges, associated design techniques Afterward, provide readers an overview UWSNs, paper categorizes them according ability enhance at all key stages categorization framework, advantages disadvantages each technique have been in-depth discussed. Finally, several possible areas further research identified